Hantu Pontianak Daripada Pendekatan Agama dan Sosiobudaya di Indonesia
Abstract
Kepercayaan kepada makhluk ghaib seperti hantu dan syaitan telah lama wujud dalam kalangan masyarakat di seluruh dunia, tidak terkecuali masyarakat di Indonesia. Setiap kaum di Indonesia mempunyai kepercayaan kepada hantu dan syaitan menurut budaya setempat dan agama masing-masing. Salah satu hantu yang cukup popular di Indonesia adalah hantu kuntilanak atau pontianak. Hantu kuntilanak adalah hantu wanita yang meninggal ketika melahirkan. Kajian ini merupakan kajian pustaka untuk mengenalpasti fenomena hantu pontianak berdasarkan pendekatan agama dan adat budaya seharian dalam kehidupan masyarakat di Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis kajian pustaka yang dijalankan mendapati bahawa menurut pendekatan agama, hantu pontianak adalah jin yang menyerupai bentuk seorang wanita yang wujud dalam kepercayaan masyarakat Indonesia sejak dahulu. Menurut pendekatan sosiobudaya, masyarakat di Indonesia masih memiliki keyakinan yang kuat terhadap kewujudan hantu pontianak, yang mana keyakinan tersebut diwariskan secara turun-temurun daripada generasi terdahulu. Keyakinan kepada kewujudan hantu pontianak ini juga semakin kuat kerana pengaruh media sosial, internet dan rancangan program mistik di televisyen.
ABSTRACT
Beliefs in supernatural beings such as ghosts and demons have long existed in societies around the world, except the Indonesian community. Every tribe in Indonesia has a belief in ghosts and demons according to their local culture and religion. One of the most popular ghosts in Indonesia is the ghost of kuntilanak or pontianak. The kuntilanak ghosts are female ghosts who die during childbirth. This study is a literature study to identify the pontianak ghost phenomena based on the religious and cultural approaches of everyday life in Indonesian society. Based on a literature study, it was found that according to the religious approach, the pontianak ghost is a genie that resembles the figure of a woman who has been in the belief of Indonesian mythology. According to the sociocultural approach, the people of Indonesia still have a strong belief in the existence of the pontianak ghost, whose beliefs are passed down through generations. The belief in the existence of the pontianak ghost has also grown stronger due to the influence of social media, the internet and the mystical programming of television.
Keywords: Ghost; Pontianak; religion; sociocultural; Indonesia
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